February 26, 2023
Gen. 2.15-17; 3.1-7; Matthew 4.1-11
+ One of my Lenten disciplines this
year is to re-read the theologian who has probably influenced me more than any
other.
Any of you who know me well have heard
me talk about him ad nauseum.
He is the great Scottish theologian and
poet George MacDonald.
I first read MacDonald when I was in my
mid-20s.
I happened to pick up a book about him
at a Christian bookstore.
I was intrigued by the claim on the
cover of the book that MacDonald was THE major influence in the life of C.S.
Lewis.
So, I picked up the book, and I
devoured it.
I then devoured almost everything
MacDonald wrote.
MacDonald was really one of the first
Christian theologians that I read who was unapolgetically a Christian
universalist.
Meaning, of course, that he did not
believe that anyone would suffer in hell for all eternity, that all would, in
the end, be saved.
He actually was influenced in this
belief by the great Anglican theologian F.D. Maurice (whose work I would later
also devour).
Universalism is still such a
controversial belief in the Church.
But in MacDonald’s day, and throughout
history, Broad Church and Hugh Church Anglicans, as well as Anglo-Catholic
Socialists and others embraced and expounded these beliefs.
None were quite as appealing as
MacDonald.
MacDonald’s Universalism came from a
reclaiming of the belief that God was truly our loving Parent.
And from that idea sprang all of
MacDonald’s theology, including his Universalism.
God is our loving Parent.
And a loving Parent would never send a
loved child off to a metaphysical hell for all eternity.
However, according to MacDonald, that
does not mean that disobedient children, children who do bad things, get off
scot-free.
There are consequences to our actions.
And worse yet, even good children
sometimes have to suffer the effects of a comic evil that simply exists.
Bad things happen, MacDonald believed.
And we sometimes simply get caught in
the path of bad things.
For us, those bad things are sometimes
nameless things.
Things that we can’t really define.
Things that don’t seem to have names.
You know what I’m talking about.
When we’re dealing with emotions, when
we’re dealing with heavy things in our lives, we don’t worry about labels and
names of things.
But sometimes, when something is given
a name, we find it’s easier to confront and deal with.
It’s easier to deal with depression,
when we know it’s known as depression.
It’s easier to deal with anxiety, when
we know it is known as anxiety.
It’s so much easier to fight our demons
when we know the names of our demons.
But there are those things in life that
don’t seem to have names.
An example is: the fact that we are
growing old.
There are limitations that go along with
growing older.
We find ourselves not being able to do
things we did when we were younger.
There is nothing we can do about it.
It’s just a fact of life.
Or the fact that sometimes we get sick
and it has nothing do to with anything we have done.
We can get treatment for our illness.
We can follow that treatment.
But we can’t rush the healing process.
It happens on its own.
So, for the moment, we simply must be
sick.
Or, in the case of losing a loved one.
There’s no getting around this loss.
We can’t hide from this loss.
We can’t pretend we haven’t experienced
this loss.
It’s just a reality in our lives.
And we must simply live with it—with
all its pain, with all of its heartache, with all its frustrations.
In all of these things, we know they’re
realities.
But we don’t have a name for all of
these things.
But…there actually is.
One of my personal heroes (secondary to
George MacDonald), someone I mention on a very regular basis, is Pierre
Teilhard de Chardin.
Teilhard was a Roman Catholic Jesuit
priest.
He was also a paleontologist.
In fact, he found the Peking Man, an
important link in the Evolution of Humanity.
He was also a great philosopher.
And he coined a term to describe these
unavoidable, somewhat unpleasant facts of our lives.
He called them “passive diminishments.”
According to Teilhard, these passive
diminishments were simply the acceptance of suffering that we cannot change.
Robert Ellsberg describes Teilhard’s
passive diminishments in this way:
Our spiritual character is formed as
much by what we endure and what is taken from us as it is by our achievements,
and our conscious choices.
So, in essence, is it accepting ill
fortunes, whether disease, old age or accident, as part of our journey to holiness.
The great novelist Flannery O’Connor,
who also was devoted to Teilhard and who suffered throughout most of her adult
life with lupus, described passive diminishments as “those afflictions you
can’t get rid of and have to bear.”
As we enter this Season of Lent, I
think it’s a good thing to understand our passive diminishments and how we deal
with them.
Do we accept these unavoidable moments
of suffering in our lives?
Or do we fight them?
Or worse, do we try to avoid them?
The fact is passive diminishments are
the boundaries of our lives.
They keep us within this human
condition in which we live.
And I think acknowledging these
diminishments in our lives draws us closer with Jesus.
After all, no one knew more about passive
diminishments than Jesus.
He too knew these limits in his very
Body.
Being limited is just a reality for us.
But… it is not a time to despair.
Our limitations, especially when we
place them alongside the limitations of
Christ endured, has more meaning than we can fully fathom at times.
Jesus shows us that in our limitations,
we realize we can no longer feel separated from God, our truly loving Parent,
by those limitations, those diminishments in our lives.
It is a moment in which we are, in
fact, uniquely and wonderfully joined TO God in our shared limited existence.
And what we glimpse today in our
scripture readings is, on one hand diminishment, and on the other hand,
wholeness.
In our readings from the Hebrew Bible
and from the Gospel, we get two stories with one common character.
In our reading from Genesis, we find
Satan in the form of a serpent, tempting Adam and Eve in the Garden.
In our Gospel, we have Satan yet again
doing what he does best—tempting.
But this time he is tempting Jesus.
What we have here is essentially the
same story, retold.
We have the tempter.
We have the tempted.
We have the temptations.
But we have two very different results.
In fact, we have exactly opposite
results.
But ultimately these stories tell us
this:
No matter how diminished we are, no
matter how much we are at the whim of our passive diminishments in this life,
somehow God renews us in the end.
When it comes to God, what seems like a
failure—the fall of Adam and Eve—eventually becomes the greatest success of
all—the refusal of God’s chosen One, Jesus, to be tempted.
And whatever is broken, is somehow
always fixed and restored.
Still, we must deal with this issue of
temptation.
It is the hinge event in both of the
stories we hear this morning from scripture.
Alexander Schmemann, the great Eastern
Orthodox theologian, once said that there are two roots to all sin—pride and
the flesh.
If we look at what Satan offers both
Adam and Jesus in today’s readings, we see that all the temptations can find
their root mostly in the sin of pride.
Adam and Eve, as they partake of the
fruit, have forgotten about God and have placed themselves first.
The eating of that fruit is all about
them.
They have placed themselves before God
in their own existence.
And that’s what pride really is.
It is the putting of ourselves before
God.
It is the misguided belief that
everything is all about us.
The world revolves around us.
The universe exists to serve us.
And the only humility we have is a
false one.
When one allows one’s self to think
along those lines, the fall that comes after it is a painful one.
When Adam and Eve eat of the forbidden
fruit, they are ashamed because they realize they are naked.
They realize they have nothing.
They realize that, by themselves and of
themselves, they are nothing.
This realization is that it is not all
about them, after all.
They have failed themselves and they
have failed God in their pride.
But the amazing thing, if you notice,
is that Adam and Eve still have not really learned their lesson.
They leave the Garden in shame, but
there is still a certain level of pride there.
As they go, we don’t hear them wailing
before God.
We don’t see them turning to God in
sorrow for what they have done.
We don’t see them presenting themselves
before God, broken and humbled, by what they have done.
They never ask God for forgiveness.
Instead, they leave in shame, but they leave to continue on in their pride.
From this story, we see that Satan knows
perfectly how to appeal to humans.
The doorway for Satan to enter into
one’s life is through pride.
Of course, in scripture, we find that
Satan’s downfall came through pride as well. Lucifer wanted to be like God.
And when he knew he couldn’t, he
rebelled and fell.
We see him trying to use pride again in
his temptation of Jesus in the wilderness.
When Satan tempts Jesus in the
wilderness, he tries to appeal to Jesus’ pride.
He knows that Jesus knows he is exactly
who is.
Satan knows that Jesus truly does have
the power to reign and rule, that he has all the power in the world.
And Satan further knows that if he
could harness that power for himself—for evil—then he will have that power as
well.
Because Jesus was fully human, Satan
knew that he could appeal to the pride all humans carry with them.
But Jesus, because he, in addition to
being fully human, was also divine as well, refused to succumb to the sin of
pride.
In fact, because Jesus, this divine Son
of God, came to us, the ultimate sign of humility came among us.
So, these two stories speak in many
ways to us, who are struggling in our own lives.
As we hear these stories, we no doubt
find ourselves relating fully to Adam and Eve.
After all, like Adam and Eve, we find
ourselves constantly tempted and constantly failing as they did.
And also like them, we find that when
we fail, when we fall, we oftentimes don’t turn again to God, asking God’s
forgiveness in our lives.
We almost never are able to be, like
Jesus, able to resist the temptations of pride and sin, especially when we are
in a vulnerable state.
Jesus, after forty days of fasting, was
certainly in a vulnerable place to be tempted.
As we all enter the forty days of fasting in
this season of Lent, we too need to be on guard.
We too need to keep our eyes on God—who,
in addition to being our God, is also our companion in this earthly adventure
we are having.
Whatever failings Adam had were made
right with Jesus. And, in the same way, whatever failings we make are
ultimately made right in Jesus as well. Jesus has come among us to show us the
right pathway. Jesus has come to us to lead us through our failings and our
brokenness to a place in which we will succeed, in which we will be whole.
Jesus reminds us that, fail as we do,
we are loved by God.
Always.
So, let us follow Jesus in the path of
our lives, allowing him to lead us back to the Garden of Eden that Adam and Eve
were forced to abandoned.
Because it is only when we have
abandoned pride in our lives—when we have shed concern for ourselves, when we
have denied ourselves and disciplined ourselves to the point in which we
realize it is not all about us at all—only then will we discover that the
temptations that come to us will have no effect on us.
Humility, which we should be
cultivating and practicing during this season of Lent, should be what we are
cultivating and practicing all the time in our lives.
Humility is the best safeguard against
temptation.
Humility is the remedy to help us back
on the road to piecing ourselves back together from our shattered brokenness.
So, as we move through the wasteland of
Lent and throughout the rest of our lives, let us be firm and faithful in
keeping the God of Jesus as the goal of our life.
Let us not let those temptations of
pride rule in our life.
In these days of Lent, let us practice
personal humility and spiritual fasting.
Let Jesus set the standard in our lives
on our path toward God.
And let God raise us up from the places
we have fallen in our journey.
And let us let God piece our brokenness
back into a glorious wholeness.
Let us pray.
Holy God, loving Parent, you know our
limitations. You know we are fallible human beings, bound by our passive
diminishments; give us strength to meet what we cannot avoid and let the Light
of your presence guild us through the difficulties of this life; we ask this in
Jesus’ name. Amen.